In recent years, fixed wing UAVs have been joined by increasing numbers of rotary and multi-rotor UAVs. A total of 380 of these were built and used by both the Navy and the RAF before they were retired in 1947. However, well before this, the first recorded use of large UAVs was in 1935, when the British Royal Navy began using adapted DH82 Tiger Moth aircraft called 'Queen Bees' which were flown under radio control for gunnery target practice. Military and other State use of UAS has developed rapidly since it began apace in the USA in the early 1990s and has utilised satellite communications and GNSS navigation to operate UAVs at very long distances from their controllers. UAVs can vary in size from those which can be hand launched to purpose built or adapted vehicles the size of conventional fixed or rotary wing aircraft. In recent years, the tendency to refer to any UAV as a "drone" has developed but the term is not universally considered appropriate. UAS can also include an autonomously controlled UAV or, more likely, a semi autonomous UAV. These systems include, but are not limited to, remotely piloted air systems (RPAS) in which the UAV is controlled by a 'pilot' using a radio data link from a remote location. A command and control (C2) system - sometimes referred to as a communication, command and control (C3) system - to link the two. An autonomous or human-operated control system which is usually on the ground or a ship but may be on another airborne platform.Source: Regulation (EU) 2019/945 DescriptionĪn Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) has three components: Unmanned aircraft (UA) means any aircraft operating or designed to operate autonomously or to be piloted remotely without a pilot on board. Unmanned aircraft system (UAS) means an unmanned aircraft and the equipment to control it remotely.
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